Preheat the oven to 350°F (180°C). Grease an 8- or 9-inch cake pan and line the bottom with parchment paper (if available).
In a medium bowl, whisk together 1½ cups all-purpose flour, 1 teaspoon baking powder, 1 teaspoon baking soda, 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon, and ½ teaspoon salt. Set aside.
In a separate large bowl, beat ¾ cup melted butter with 1 cup granulated sugar until smooth and creamy. Add the 2 large eggs (at room temperature) and beat until combined.
Stir in 1 cup plain yogurt and the splash of vinegar from the ingredient list; mix until smooth.
Add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients and mix gently until just combined. Do not overmix.
Fold in the 2 cups chopped and peeled apples until evenly distributed.
Pour the batter into the prepared pan and smooth the top.
To make the streusel, combine ¾ cup granulated sugar, 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon, and ½ cup chopped walnuts in a small bowl. Sprinkle the streusel evenly over the batter.
Bake in the preheated oven for about 50 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.
Remove the cake from the oven and let it cool in the pan for 10 minutes. Then remove the cake from the pan and transfer it to a wire rack to cool completely.
When cooled, slice and serve.