Preheat oven to 400°F (200°C). Place a wire rack on a rimmed baking sheet and set aside.
Wipe the Portobello mushrooms clean with a damp cloth. Use a spoon to gently scoop out and discard the gills (remove stems if large). Pat mushrooms dry and place them cavity-side up on the prepared wire rack.
Heat 1 tablespoon olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat.
Add the chopped onion and chopped red bell pepper to the skillet. Sauté, stirring occasionally, until the vegetables are tender, about 5 minutes.
Add the minced garlic and cook, stirring, for 1 minute.
Stir in the frozen corn, rinsed and drained black beans, 1/2 teaspoon chili powder, 1/2 teaspoon cumin, 1/2 teaspoon paprika, salt and black pepper to taste, 1 tablespoon lime juice, and 3 tablespoons chopped cilantro. Cook until everything is heated through, about 2–3 minutes.
Add 1 cup red enchilada sauce to the skillet and stir until the filling is evenly coated. Stir in 1/2 cup of the shredded cheese.
Taste the filling and adjust salt and pepper if needed.
Divide the enchilada filling evenly among the 6 mushroom caps, spooning it into each cavity.
Sprinkle the remaining 1/2 cup shredded cheese evenly over the top of the filled mushrooms.
Bake on the wire rack for 20–25 minutes, until the mushrooms are tender and the cheese is melted. For browned cheese, place under the broiler for up to 1 minute—watch closely so the cheese does not burn.
Remove from the oven, garnish with additional cilantro and avocado or guacamole as desired, season with more salt and pepper if needed, and serve warm.